The following Sequence diagrams only considers that the EMS sent a valid value to the PCS. If the value is illegal, the PCS will feedback an exception code.
This protocol applies to several models, knowing the differences is quite important.
There are three basic models
Select the right model on the top row in the protocol spreadsheet to show the appropriate registers.
The PCS supports MODBUS TCP/IP and MODBUS RTU protocols. Focused on the functionalities of the registers, this manual will NOT discuss the realizing of MODBUS protocol.
The supported function codes are:
For simple registers which are NOT variable, such as protection thresholds, there will be NO specific sequence diagrams for describing them.
In the rest paragraghs, the following phrase will be used:
The PCS is a two-port system, you can designate either the power at AC or at DC side. For multi-string model, you can even designate the power of each string, either at AC or DC side. you can even charge one string and discharge another if necessary.
For more information, refer to this article
The register “Energy dispatching mode” has three different mode:
The PCS has lots of registers indicating the details what is happending to the PCS. All registers listed in Sheet “RO registers-Client” indicates a status.
Basically, There are three main status
All regular operation commands can ONLY be executed when 53011 bit10=0
Once faults occur, the PCS will latch the starting register. Before starting, the cause of the faults MUST be confirmed to be removed, and the fault latch has to be cleared by
If you are using multi-string model, each string has a standalone clear-fault register. You can eithe use 1→53903 to clear-fault all the modules, or use the following registers:
The following operations under this title and its subtitles (if exist) can get reaction ONLY when
Depending on the Grid-interconnection settings before starting, the PCS will be running in these modes.
If you are using multi-string model, each string has a standalone starting register. You can eithe use 1→53900 to start all the modules, or use the following registers:
The following operations under this title can get reaction ONLY when
If you are using multi-string model, each string has a standalone stopping register. You can eithe use 1→53900 to stop all the modules, or use the following registers to operate each module:
The following operations under this title and its subtitles can get reaction ONLY when
there are 4 modes supported in regulating active power
If you are using multi-string model, each string have a standalone active power setpoint register.
You can eithe use Active Power→53622 to asign the overall active power for all the modules if 53601=0, AC dispatching
Or use the following registers to operate each module if 53601=2, String dispatching
There are three modes for regulating reactive power
The following operations under this title and its subtitles(if exist) can get reaction ONLY when
The following operations under this title and its subtitles(if exist) can get reaction ONLY when
The following operations under this title and its subtitles(if exist) can get reaction ONLY when
In Volt-VAr mode, the PCS will NOT response to PF or Reactive power setpoints, but will dynamically generate reactive power depending on the grid voltage.
The following operations under this title and its subtitles can get reaction ONLY when
In off-grid mode, the PCS can NOT do
There are two options of this register
This operation can be done before starting or after started.
This operation can be done before starting or after started.
Smart inverters go beyond this basic function to provide grid support functions, such as voltage regulation, frequency support and ride-through capabilities. More and more countries grid codes are requiring similar smart inverter functions
If Power change mode is set to ramp, in normal operation, the power setpoint changes, the actual import/export power will slowly change with this slope setpoint.
AKA Connect/Reconnect Ramp-up rate Upon starting to inject power into the grid, following a period of inactivity or a disconnection, the inverter will be able to control its rate of increase of power from 1 to 100% maximum current per second.
Following a trip, the Smart Inverter must delay re-energization or reconnection for a preset period of time once the voltage and frequency of the grid are within normal ranges.
In this mode, the Smart inverter shall actively control its reactive power output as a function of the voltage following a Volt-var piecewise linear characteristic in accordance with the parameters specified
the active power will be designated by the active power setpoint when voltage is in normal range, once the voltage rises beyond the range, the active power will reduce with the Volt-Watt slope
The active power will be designated by the active power setpoint when frequency is in normal range, once the frequency rises beyond the range, the active power will reduce with the Freq-Watt slope
Smart Inverter based systems shall remain connected to the grid while the grid is within the frequency-time range provided by the utility and shall disconnect from the electric grid during a high or low frequency event that is outside that frequency-time range.
Smart Inverter based systems shall remain connected to the grid while the grid is within the voltage-time range provided by the utility and shall disconnect from the electric grid during a high or low voltage event that is outside that voltage-time range.
By enabling this option, the anti-islanding function will be activated, providing the ability to trip off under extended anomalous conditions
The following operations under this title and its subtitles can get reaction ONLY when
In DC dispatch mode, you can NOT:
There are 2 modes to regulate DC powers
both of the two options take effect ONLY when Energy dispatching mode is set to DC dispatch
the mode selection register for each string is listed below
The PCS will import/export the power at DC side, according to this setpoint
This setpoint takes effect ONLY when Energy dispatching mode is set to DC dispatch, and DC operation mode is set to Constant current
The DC current setpoint register for each string is listed below
The PCS will import/export the power at DC side, according to this setpoint This setpoint takes effect ONLY when Energy dispatching mode is set to DC dispatch, and DC operation mode is set to Constant power
The DC power setpoint register for each string is listed below
See the following diagram for the relationship and definitions of the charging/discharging sequence.
In most applications, EMS may want the PCS to charge/discharge battery only in constant power section, however, the saturation of battery charging, the over discharging, and the protections, must be considered too.
This is the secondary under-voltage criterion. If the voltage reaches this threshold, it's critical for the ESS. the EMS must consider charging the battery at this moment.
Usually this threshold should be set 5~10V lower than end of discharge voltage
A legacy setpoint for lead-acid battery. If you are using lithium-ion battery, this setpoint MUST be the same as topping charge voltage
refer to this article battery_dis-_charge_sequence
For lithium ion batteries, the PCS will stop charging the battery when the DC voltage reaches topping charge voltage, AND the DC current reduces to end of charge current
The battery charging current (DC) will never be more than this threshold
The battery discharging current (DC) will never be more than this threshold
If the PCS is discharging, once the voltage reaches this criteria, the PCS will stop and refuse to discharge.
A legacy setpoint for lead-acid battery. If you are using lithium-ion battery, ignore this option
Another legacy setpoint for lead-acid battery. If you are using lithium-ion battery, ignore this option
When the battery is charged as the voltage is almost reaching topping charge voltage, the current will reduce. Once the current drops to this threshold, the PCS will stop charging the battery.
Parameter | String 1 (or the only string) | String 2 | String 3 | String 4 | String 5 | String 6 | String 7 | String 8 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower limit voltage of battery | 53653 | 53683 | 53713 | 53743 | 53773 | 53803 | 53833 | 53863 |
End-of-discharge voltage | 53655 | 53685 | 53715 | 53745 | 53775 | 53805 | 53835 | 53865 |
precharge voltage (legacy, rarely used) | 53656 | 53686 | 53716 | 53746 | 53776 | 53806 | 53836 | 53866 |
Precharge turn to fast charge transition voltage (legacy, rarely used) | 53657 | 53687 | 53717 | 53747 | 53777 | 53807 | 53837 | 53867 |
Precharge time (legacy, rarely used) | 53658 | 53688 | 53718 | 53748 | 53778 | 53808 | 53838 | 53868 |
Float charge voltage | 53659 | 53689 | 53719 | 53749 | 53779 | 53809 | 53839 | 53869 |
Topping charge voltage | 53660 | 53690 | 53720 | 53750 | 53780 | 53810 | 53840 | 53870 |
Topping charge to float charge transition current | 53661 | 53691 | 53721 | 53751 | 53781 | 53811 | 53841 | 53871 |
End-of-charge current | 53662 | 53692 | 53722 | 53752 | 53782 | 53812 | 53842 | 53872 |
Maximum charge current | 53663 | 53693 | 53723 | 53753 | 53783 | 53813 | 53843 | 53873 |
Maximum discharge current | 53664 | 53694 | 53724 | 53754 | 53784 | 53814 | 53844 | 53874 |
maximum precharge current (legacy, rarely used) | 53665 | 53695 | 53725 | 53755 | 53785 | 53815 | 53845 | 53875 |